If you're interested in reading more about artificial intelligence and the ways it's affecting education and the world in general, we have compiled a collection of relevant sources for you to check out below.
AI Effects on the Brain and Critical Thinking
Barcaui, André. “ChatGPT as a Cognitive Crutch: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial on Knowledge Retention.” Social Sciences & Humanities Open, vol. 12, no. 102287, 2025
Gerlich, Michael. “AI tools in society: Impacts on cognitive offloading and the future of Critical Thinking.” Societies, vol. 15, no. 1, 3 Jan. 2025, p. 6
Privacy Concerns Related to AI
Akakpo, Alfred, et al. “Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Future of Information Privacy: Expert Viewpoints.” Journal of Global Information Management [Hershey], vol. 33, no. 1, January 2025, pp. 1–25
Newman, Jared. “Using ChatGPT or Other AI Tools? Here’s Who Can See Your Chat History.” Fast Company, 4 Aug. 2025
Whittaker, Zach. “For Privacy and Security, Think Twice before Granting AI Access to Your Personal Data” Tech Crunch, 19 July 2025
AI Racial and Gender Bias
Herold, Benjamin. "Why Schools Need to Talk About Racial Bias in AI-Powered Technologies." Education Week, vol. 41, no. 30, 13 Apr. 2022, p. 12. Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints
Ntoutsi, Eirini, et al. “Bias in data‐driven Artificial Intelligence Systems—an introductory survey.” WIREs Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, vol. 10, no. 3, 3 Feb. 2020
Sandoval-Martin, Teresa, and Ester Martínez-Sanzo. “Perpetuation of gender bias in visual representation of professions in the generative AI tools DALL·E and Bing Image Creator.” Social Sciences, vol. 13, no. 5, 2 May 2024, p. 250
Environmental Effects of AI
“Artificial Intelligence: How Much Energy Does AI Use?” United Nations, 4 July 2025
Barringer, Felicity. “Thirsty for Power and Water, AI-Crunching Data Centers Sprout across the West.” And the West: Stanford.Edu, Stanford University: Bill Lane Center for the American West, 8 Apr. 2025
De Vries-Gao, Alex. “The carbon and water footprints of data centers and what this could mean for artificial intelligence.” Patterns, vol. 7, no. 1, 9 Jan. 2026, p.1-10
Hao, Karen. Empire of AI : Dreams and Nightmares in Sam Altman’s OpenAI. Penguin Press, 2025.
Jha, Rohan, et al. “Forecasting US data center CO2 emissions using AI models: Emissions Reduction Strategies and policy recommendations.” Frontiers in Sustainability, vol. 5, 9 Jan. 2025
Kandemir, Mahmut. “Why AI Uses So Much Energy — And What We Can Do about It.” Penn State Institute of Energy and the Environment, 8 Apr. 2025
Patel, Aadi, et al “The Environmental Impact of AI Servers and Sustainable Solutions.” ArXiv, Cornell University, Dec. 2025
Implications of Generative AI for Democracy and Social Justice
Hao, Karen. Empire of AI: Dreams and Nightmares in Sam Altman’s OpenAI. Penguin Press, 2025.